Bacterial Meningitis
What is bacterial meningitis?
Bacterial Meningitis is an infection caused by bacteria which affects the tissue around the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis can be quite severe and may result in brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities. For bacterial meningitis, it is also important to know which type of bacteria is causing the meningitis because antibiotics can prevent some types from spreading and infecting other people.
Is bacterial meningitis contagious?
Yes, bacterial meningitis is contagious, but only when a person has been in very close contact with a person who becomes sick, such as a household member or a girlfriend or boyfriend. The bacteria are spread through the exchange of respiratory secretions (i.e., coughing, kissing, sharing food and drinks, etc.) The bacteria are not spread by casual contact or by simply breathing the air where a person with meningitis has been. Persons who have been in close contact with a person who develops bacterial meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting the disease. Bacterial Meningitis is a “reportable disease” and the health department will work with the doctors, hospital staff and family to determine who should be treated with preventive antibiotics. Close contacts of confirmed cases are notified by the health department.
What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
High fever, headache, and stiff neck are common symptoms of meningitis in anyone over the age of 2 years. These symptoms can develop over several hours, or they may take 1 to 2 days. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking into bright lights, confusion, and sleepiness.
How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?
Early diagnosis and treatment are very important. If symptoms occur, the patient should see a doctor immediately. The diagnosis is usually made by growing bacteria from a sample of spinal fluid or blood.
What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis?
Bacterial Meningitis can be treated with antibiotics. It is important, however, that treatment be started early in the course of the disease.
Can bacterial meningitis be prevented?
There are vaccines to help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis. The vaccines are safe and effective. Contact your health care provider for more information about the vaccine.
At what age should a person receive a meningitis vaccine?
All 11-12 years olds should be vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4). A booster dose should be given at age 16 years. For adolescents who receive the first dose at age 13 through 15 years, a one-time booster dose should be administered, preferably at age 16 through 18 years, before the peak in increased risk. Adolescents who receive their first dose of MCV4 at or after age 16 years do not need a booster dose. Proof of a meningococcal vaccination is required to attend many colleges. Those ages 16 through 21 years have the highest rates of meningococcal disease.
Links:
Bacterial Meningitis Fact Sheet
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
